Global scepticism is such a classic of epistemology that it’s made its way into popular culture with films like The…
In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume applies his empiricist philosophy to a fundamental concept in metaphysics and science:…
In philosophy, modality is the study of possibility and necessity – of what is true, what could be true, and…
The Frege-Geach problem (sometimes called the embedding problem) is a challenge to moral non-cognitivism – the view that moral judgements…
René Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) begins from a position of radical doubt – questioning everything that can possibly…
David Hume is one of the most famous defenders of empiricism – the view that all knowledge ultimately comes from…
“Cogito ergo sum” or “I think therefore I am” is probably the most famous argument in all of philosophy. But…
Cosmological arguments all try to explain why anything moves, changes, or exists at all. But there are different versions of…
Teleological arguments get that name from the ancient Greek word telos, meaning end, goal, or purpose. And teleological arguments argue…
The technical definition of qualia (singular: quale) according to the A-level philosophy specification is: intrinsic and non-intentional phenomenal properties that…